Marion L. Burton Papers, 1895-1925 (majority within 1921-1925)

Summary

Creator:

Burton, Marion Le Roy, 1874-1925

Abstract:

College educator and president; president of University of Michigan, 1920-1925. Administrative correspondence, speeches, articles and scrapbooks detailing his years at University of Michigan; also his speech nominating Calvin Coolidge for the Presidency in 1924; and photographs.

Extent:

22.3 linear feet
1 oversize folder

Language:

English.

Call Number:

85899 Aa 2 Ac

Authors:

Finding aid prepared by: John Robins and Mary Arnheim

Background

Scope and Content:

The collection, although defined as personal papers of Marion Burton, is in fact the correspondence files of the office of president of the University of Michigan (1920-1925). Complementing these files are scattered personal items from the period prior to Burton's coming to Michigan. The collection has been arranged into the following series: Correspondence Files (President's Office); Miscellaneous President's Office Files; Personal Materials; Speeches and Articles; Scrapbooks/Newspaper clippings; University of Minnesota Topical Files; and Photographs.

Biographical / Historical:

Marion Le Roy Burton grew up in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to which his family had moved from Brooklyn, Iowa, soon after his birth on August 30, 1874. Although he had to go to work after only one year of high school, he later completed his preparation at Carleton Academy, and graduated from Carleton College in 1900. He married Nina Moses the same year. Burton earned a Bachelor of Divinity degree from Yale in 1906, and a Ph.D. in 1907. After teaching theology at Yale and serving as pastor of a church for several years, Burton was elected president of Smith College, where he remained until he became president of the University of Minnesota in 1910. In the spring of 1920 he was chosen to become the sixth president of the University of Michigan, and served from September 1920 until his death in February 1925.

President Burton was known for his warm personality, organizational ability, and the power of his oratory, which was used to good effect to convince the Michigan Legislature of the university's great need for new buildings and increased funding for educational programs. He lent his talents to the national political scene when he gave the speech nominating Calvin Coolidge as the Republican Party's presidential candidate in 1924. Respected and well-liked by his colleagues, he worked tirelessly to carry out his broad vision of education. During his regrettably short tenure, he laid a solid foundation for the growth of the university, both academically and physically, between the two world wars.

University of Michigan history during the Burton presidency

When Marion L. Burton became president in October 1920, he immediately faced the need to accommodate a greatly increased student population through the expansion of departments, and the addition of new subject areas. The pressing need for more physical space resulted in an extensive building program, and the changing academic needs led to departmental additions and re-organizations. This rapid expansion of the university following World War I also necessitated various administrative changes.

The most visible accomplishment of the Burton Administration was the expansion of the physical facilities of the campus. Following a campus-wide survey of needs, President Burton and the regents devoted their energies and attention to securing a multi-million dollar appropriation from the state legislature. When this was successfully accomplished, a comprehensive building program was adopted. With regental approval, it was put under the jurisdiction of the Committee of Five, consisting of the president and secretary of the university, Regent William L. Clements, Albert Kahn, consulting architect of the project, and Psychology Professor John F. Shepard, who acted as supervisor of plans. In June 1921, the regents decided to start the program with an addition to the Dental Clinic, completion of the University Hospital, and the construction of East Engineering, East Physics, and University High School buildings. In addition, generous private donations provided for the building of Clements Library, and the Lawyers' Club group. President Burton's untimely death in February 1925 denied him the opportunity to see all these plans completed.

Perhaps the most vexing question of the many problems faced by President Burton in the early years of his tenure was that of the Homeopathic Medical School and Hospital. The action of the state legislature in cutting off funding for a separate school and hospital drew the attention of homeopathic doctors in the state and nation resulting in a blizzard of letters and editorials protesting any move to change the school or hospital. Nevertheless the unit was disbanded in 1921-22, when homeopathic teaching and medical care were incorporated into the University Medical School and Hospital.

This was also a period of turbulence and re-organization in the Medical School and Hospital apart from the issues raised by the closing of the Homeopathic School and Hospital. Some major issues were whether faculty should be "full-time" or allowed to treat and receive fees from outside patients; the obligation of the hospital to treat indigent patients; the administrative relationship of the Hospital to the Medical School; the need for a separate Nursing School; and whether the Hospital should be self-supporting or funded by the Medical School since patients were used for teaching.

The period 1920-25 saw the establishment of a number of academic units as separate schools, and changes and additions to the curriculum of others. The School of Education was established by the Board of Regents in May 1921, and Allen S. Whitney, who had held the chair of Pedagogy in the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, was appointed dean. Under his leadership a university high school and an elementary school were established in 1922 and 1927 respectively, to meet the needs of the practical aspects of teacher training. A growing public awareness of the desirability of teaching health and hygiene in the public schools led to the development of the Department of Physical Education in the School of Education. In 1923-24, Dr. Margaret Bell became Associate Professor of Women's Physical Education but this work was felt to be more appropriate under the University Health Service. In further recognition of its public health obligations, the university organized a Division of Hygiene and Public Health in 1921. In the beginning this encompassed work in public health, physical education, intramural sports, and was closely related to the University Health Service. Eventually, these areas were divided into separate units.

President Burton's belief that a creative artist on campus would be an inspiration to the whole university community, persuaded the regents to raise funds and authorize a Fellowship in Creative Art. Former Governor Chase S. Osborn donated funds for the first year, and Robert Frost accepted the fellowship for 1921-22. He was also on campus for the better part of following year.

Social workers throughout the state wanted better training for their profession and their efforts led to the development of a curriculum in social work in May 1921. The Department of Industrial Research became the Department of Engineering Research in October 1920 and included the Industrial Research Laboratory which undertook research projects for Michigan's growing manufacturing industries.

Although not formally established until 1926, plans were under way to set up a Department of Library Science. Considerable attention was given to separating the study of architecture from the School of Engineering and to incorporating an already existing correlated School of Music into the university, but neither was actually accomplished during President Burton's tenure.

Soon after taking office, President Burton re-organized the committee structure of the Board of Regents from a system of each regent overseeing one college or school to that of committees concerned with overall functions of the university, such as Educational Policies, Student Welfare, Finance, Buildings & Grounds. Regent Lucius L. Hubbard was engaged in re-writing the university by-laws. The staffing of the president's office was enlarged, and a presidential assistant, Professor Frank Robbins, was added. The establishment of new units required the development of appropriate management plans, while older units saw shifts in their governance, such as the change in jurisdiction of the Nichols Arboretum from the Department of Botany to the Board of Regents.

During his first year, President Burton established the office of Dean of Students and appointed Joseph A. Bursley to handle matters previously dealt with directly by the president or by various committees. The Dean of Students took over the Employment Bureau (previously run by the Student Christian Association), as well as the Student Loan Fund.

Under President Burton the old system of departmental governance by a permanent head appointed by the administration was changed to one of chairpersons elected for a limited term and committees set up by the department. This system was started in the English Department in 1920, the Economics Department in 1921, and the Mathematics Department in 1922.

The problem of student discipline which arose with the increased student population required the attention of the administration for some time, and work was started on a uniform code of student discipline, although it was not until later that the code was adopted.

Various other issues received attention during President's Burton's tenure. Among the more important were the adoption of a system of retirement pay. For a number of years the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching had been providing "retirement allowances" to a limited number of professors. As this became inadequate to meet the needs of growing educational institutions, the Teachers Insurance Annuity Association was established, and university policies were adapted to the new system. This was also a period when renewed attention was given to the needs and interests of women students, including suitable housing and appropriate curriculum. In addition, the Student Christian Association was in need of re-vitalizing after a decline during the war years.

Acquisition Information:

The bulk of the president's files came from the President's Office (donor no. 566 ) in 1948; additional personal materials were donated by Mrs. Burton (donor no. 3041 ) in 1954.

Related

Additional Descriptive Data:

Selective Subject Index to Correspondence

The subject index is arranged in four broad categories: Administration, Building Program, Academic Units, and Miscellaneous. Entries under a subject include name of correspondent, box and folder number, and date. When no date is given, the entire folder is relevant except for a few cases where there may be only an occasional useful item. Most of the correspondents included in the index are university regents or top level administrators.

1. I. Administration
   • Assistant to president added to staff:
     • Hutchins (2-28);
     • S.W.Smith (4-14, passim; 4-15, passim)
   • By-laws re-written:
     • Hubbard (2-25; 6-26)
   • Dean of Students position established:
     • Status and jurisdiction:
       • Bursley (5-21, 10/21/21)
     • Student Employment Bureau:
       • Evans (2-8)
     • Student Loan Fund:
       • Effinger (6-3, Sept.'21)
   • Departmental governance:
     • E.E. Day (5-36)
     • M.E. Cooley (5-33, 1/9/22 and 3/21/22)
   • Departmental additions and changes in status:
     • Addition of social work curriculum:
       • Effinger (2-4, passim)
       • Murfin (3-26, 10/8/20)
       • Social workers (4-16)
     • Engineering Research Laboratory:
       • Hanchett (2-17, 4/29/20, 5/10/20)
     • Library Science, Plans to establish department:
       • Bishop (9-20, 12/30/22)
     • Music School, Plans to incorporate in U-M:
       • Gore (10-22)
     • Physical education:
       • Murfin (3-26, reports)
       • Pomeroy (4-1, on women's needs)
   • Faculty salary policy:
     • Day (18-7, 8/29/24, 10/16/24, re: his appointment to salary policy committee)
     • Effinger (18-10, 8/29/24, his salary policy recommendations)
     • Hubbard (18-27, 8/28/24, MLB letter to regents on salary policy changes needed in '24-'25)
   • Regental committee structure re-organized:
     • Murfin (15-23, 3/8 and 3/10/24)
   • Student discipline:
     • General:
       • M.E.Cooley (5-33, 3/25/22; 10-6, 7/3/22)
       • Hubbard (6-26, 6/1/22)
       • Ward (8-32, 1/20/22)
       • Beal (9-19, 5/29/23; 13-15, 10/2/23)
     • Autos on campus:
       • Murfin (11-29, 11/9/22, 11/20/22, 5/31, 6/11 and 6/12/22; 15-23, 7/31, 8/8, 8/29, and 10/22/23)
       • Bursley (13-21, 8/2/23)
       • S.W.Smith (16-14, 10/4/23)
     • Decision-making and handling of:
       • Lloyd (15-15, passim)
       • Regents (16-4, 5/25/23)
     • Drinking at football games:
       • Murfin (15-23, 10/23/23)
     • Expulsion and re-instatement of four Engineering students:
       • Bursley (13-21, 12/7 and 12/17/23)
       • M.E.Cooley (14-9, 12/24 and 12/29/23)
       • Effinger (14-19, 10/19 and 12/7/23)
     • Honor system for exams:
       • M.E.Cooley (14-9, 3/7/24)
       • Effinger (14-19, 9/12/24)
2. II. Building Program
   • Acquisition of land:
     • Murfin (11-29, July '22)
     • S. W. Smith (12-20, 5/3/23)
     • Christensen (13-29, 1/28/24)
   • Building plans:
     • Committee of Five (5-31; 14-5; 17-35, minutes)
     • Clements (1-27; 5-29; 10-2, passim)
     • Kahn (3-1; 6-35; 11-10; 15-8; 18-34)
     • Lorch (3-6)
     • Shepard (4-10; 8-12; 12-17, 1/5/23; 16-12)
     • S. W. Smith (4-14, passim)
     • M.E. Cooley (10-6, 7/1/22)
     • Nelson (15-26, 5/28/24, plans for a university theater)
     • Pitkin (16-2, landscaping)
   • Clements Library:
     • Beal (9-19, 11/6/22 ff.)
     • Bishop (9-20, 9/29/22)
     • Clements (14-2)
     • Clements Library (17-33, financial reports and operation of library)
   • Contracting and costs:
     • Legislative requests (3-5)
     • Michigan State Budget Commission (3-20)
     • S. W. Smith (8-15, 7/15 and 7/29/21, 12/2/21, 2/8/22; 12-20, 3/2/23)
     • Gore (6-12, passim)
     • Sawyer (12-14, 2/6/23)
   • Dormitories:
     • Parnall (12-2, plans for nurses home)
     • Mooney (11-28, re: building dormitories privately) Murfin (11-29, 10/9,14,18,24,25/22, 11/1/22 and 3/15,19,20/23, 4/19/23) (See also Law School buildings).
   • Early efforts:
     • Associated Press clippings (1-8)
   • Engineering building:
     • M.E.Cooley (5-33, passim; 10-6, 10/11/22, 12/29/22)
   • Funding and gifts:
     • Clements (1-27; 5-29; 10-2, passim, re: Engineering, Hospital, and Museum buildings funding)
     • Groesbeck (10-24, 10/14/22, Law School funding; 10/1/22, Literary building funding; 10/17, 19/19, and 11/23/22, payment procedures; 4/25/23, Minutes of State Administrative Board; 6/9/23, Nurses Home funding)
     • Couzens (14-10 passim, re: donation for Nurses Home)
     • Murfin (11-29, 11/7/22, funds for re-modeling gyms)
     • (See also William Cook correspondence in folders labelled Coo-Cz)
   • Hospital Building:
     • Parnall (3-34 passim)
     • S.W.Smith (4-15, passim, on costs)
     • Vaughan (4-30, 10/9/20)
     • Cabot (9-28, 5/4 and 5/17/23)
   • Labor problems:
     • Shepard (12-17, 2/28/23)
   • Law School Buildings:
     • Bates (1-11, passim; 5-11, 4/4/22; 9-17, passim; 13-14, 11/23 and 12/23/22, 5/8, 5/13 and 6/23/24; 17-18, 7/24, 8/1, 9/2, 9/13, 10/14, 11/1, 11/17 and 11/19/24)
     • Clements (10-2, 8/11/22, acquisition of land)
     • Hubbard (11-2, 11/6/22, 4/9/23, terms of Cook's gift)
     • Kahn (11-10)
     • York (13-4; 17-12)
     • Cook (14-8; 18-1; also Cook correspondence in folders labelled Coo-Cz.)
   • Michigan League (Not built until 1927):
     • Alumnae Council (5-4, passim)
     • Pomeroy (4-1; 7-30)
     • Michigan League (15-20, on fund drive and plans)
   • Organization:
     • Christensen (13-29, 12/1, and 12/12/23, organization chart and duties of Building Committee, 12/29/23)
   • Planning:
     • Clements (1-27; 5-29; 10-2, passim)
     • M.E.Cooley (10-6, 7/1/22, use of U-M architects in planning)
   • Progress and Problems:
     • Pardon (12-5, 8/23/22, 1/22/23; 15-31, passim)
     • Christensen (13-29, 12/29/23, bulletins of progress)
     • Groesbeck (10-24, 4/11/23; 14-27, 12/6/23, progress reports to governor)
   • State relations:
     • Groesbeck (6-14, 1/24/22, 3/10/22, 7/13/21, comprehensive reports to legislature; 7/13/21, 6/12/22; 10-24, 11/8/22, 3/3/23)
3. III. Academic units: Changes and additions
   • Homeopathic School and Hospital
     • General:
       • Gore (2-13; 10-22, 8/21/22, 19-22)
       • Hinsdale (2-21)
       • Springer (4-17)
       • Cabot (5-24,passim)
       • Hanchett (6-7, 12/21)
       • Murfin (7-17, 11/4/21, 12/2/21, 12/10/21, 1/9/22)
       • Beal (13-15, 1/19/24)
       • Groesbeck (6-14, 1/24/22, MLB memo of interview with governor)
       • Sawyer (8-9, 12/15/21)
     • Legislative resolution:
       • S.W. Smith (8-15, memo containing text of resolution to consolidate)
     • Letters in opposition to any change:
       • Correspondence, (Baa-Baz 1-9, passim; Coa-Coz 1-28, Copeland letters; Da-Dn, 2-1,passim)
     • Letters in support of plan: Homeopathic Medical School (2-22)
     • Possibility of re-establishing Homeopathic School:
       • Hubbard (11-2, 3/29/23, 4/25/23);
       • Gore (14-25, 3/22 and 3/23/23)
     • Reports and proposals:
       • Hinsdale (6-21) and Homeopathic Medical School (6-22) include reports and resolution on consolidation.
       • Springer (8-17, 5/8/22)
     • Results:
     • Parnall (7-25, 4/20/22; 12-2, 4/3/23; 15-32, 10/24/23, 11/10/23, 12/17/23, 12/29/23)
       • Springer (8-17, 1/21/22)
     • Statistics:
       • Murfin (11-29, 4/17/23; 15-23, summary of costs in past 6 yrs.) Homeopathic Medical School (2-21, 9/20, editorial re: declining enrollment)
   • Relation of University Hospital to Medical School
     • General:
       • Murfin (3-26, 4/2/21; 15-23, 3/12/24)
       • Sawyer (8-9, 11/3/21; 12-14, 1/29/23, 5/22/23)
       • Gore: 10-22, 12/27/22; 14-25, 2/18/24)
       • Beal: (13-15, 11/10 and 11/28/23, 12/14/23, 1/9/24)
       • Regents: (16-4, 2/14/24)
     • Commission of Inquiry:
       • Murfin (11-29, passim);
       • Parnall (12-2, 10/20/22);
       • Sawyer (12-14, 12/27/22, 3/7 and 5/17/23)
     • Full-time professorships vs. Clinical practice salaries:
       • Cabot (1-21; 5-24; 13-25, 10/25/23)
       • Sawyer: (4-7, passim; 8-9, 5/2 and 5/5/22)
       • Parnall (15-32, 11/7/23)
     • University Hospital: (8-26, 2/28/21)
     • Faculty resolution favoring Hospital under Medical School:
       • Parnall (7-25, 11/20/21; MLB reply, 12/16/21)
     • Funding:
       • Groesbeck (10-24, 3/14/23)
       • Vaughan (4-30, passim)
       • New Hospital Director appointed:
       • University Hospital - Directorship (16-26; 16-27)
       • Sawyer (16-10, passim)
       • Haynes (18-24, 8/27/24, 9/1/24, MLB letter outlining problems)
     • Nursing School as separate school:
       • Parnall (7-25, 6/24/22; 12-2, 9/23/22)
       • Sawyer (12-14, 9/18, 9/23, and 10/21/22)
     • Policy of separate Hospital and Medical School re- affirmed:
       • Hubbard (15-2, 2/13/24)
       • Regents (18-55, 8/1/24)
     • Separate budgets for Medical School and Hospital:
       • Sawyer (8-9, 4/18/22, undated MLB memo giving Regents position)
     • Staff statement re: separation:
       • Vaughan (4-30, 1/17/21)
     • Treating indigent patients:
       • Sawyer (4-7, passim)
       • Cabot (9-28, passim)
       • Groesbeck (10-24, 3/6/23)
     • Resignation of Hospital superintendent:
       • Parnall (15-32, 1/26 and 2/12/24)
       • Stone (16-18, Jan/Feb '24)
   • Architecture, Need to separate from School of Engineering:
     • Hubbard (2-25, passim)
     • Lorch (3-6, 12/3/20)
   • Curriculum Changes:
     • Effinger (14-19, Mar.'24, on Greek Department needs; 4/2/24 "University system" of seminar teaching)
   • Dental School:
     • Ward (17-4, 5/7/24)
   • Dutch History Professorship
     • Contribution Fund for Dutch history (14-16, 4/29/24)
     • Effinger (14-19, 1/13, 1/21, and 1/31/24)
   • Education, School of
     • Establishment:
       • S.W.Smith (4-14, passim; 4-15, 6/1/21, Text of Regents' resolution)
     • Granting of teacher certificates:
       • Whitney (9-4, 4/6/22)
       • Effinger (6-3, 10/27/21, 1/27/22, Apr.'22)
     • Organization of School:
       • Whitney (4-35; 9-4)
     • University High School:
       • Whitney (12-39, 12/28/22, Proposed '23-'24 budget)
   • Extension Services, Expansion of:
     • Henderson (2-19, passim; 10-30, 2/27/23)
   • Engineering Research, Department of
     • General:
       • Engineering Research (2-7)
       • Hanchett (2-17, passim; 6-7, Apr.'22; 10-28, 6/11/23)
       • Hutchins (2-28, 5/10/20)
       • Iowa University (2-31, information on bills to permit federal funding)
       • Lloyd (3-7, 7/20/20)
       • Michigan Manufacturing Association (3-19, passim)
       • S.W. Smith (4-15, 7/30/20, Regents resolution setting up Planning Committee)
       • White (4-34, 7/7/20, aims of department and relation to manufacturers; 9-2; 12-38)
     • Expansion of department:
       • M.E. Cooley (5-33, 12/7/21)
     • Outside work:
       • Parker (7-26, 12/21/20, 2/15/21, 9/26/21, 5/15/22)
       • M.E. Cooley (5-33, 2/3/22, 5/25/22; 10-6, 11/11/22)
     • Patents:
       • M.E. Cooley (18-3, 8/21/24, 10/10/24)
     • Projects:
       • M.E. Cooley (5-33, 1/22 and 1/25/22, evaporator work for sugar companies)
       • Sawyer (8-9, 6/13/22, use of results of studies)
       • White (all folders include material on research projects and problems)
     • Reports:
       • White (9-2; 12-38, passim)
       • M.E. Cooley (14-9, 7/3 and 8/20/23)
       • Riggs (8-5; 12-11; 16-5; 19-2, all include annual reports on State Highway Laboratory work)
     • Salaries and appointments:
       • M.E. Cooley (14-9, 12/29/23, 1/13/24, Feb.'24)
   • Fellowship in Creative Art:
     • Establishment of Program:
       • Hughes(2-27)
       • Effinger (6-3, 4/6 and 4/19/22)
       • Lloyd (7-7, 4/6/22)
     • Frost, Robert (Holder of Fellowship, first two years):
       • Bursley (5-21, 7/9/21, living arrangements for Frost)
       • Frost (6-10; 10-18)
       • Regents (8-4, 7/20/21, Frost's acceptance letter)
     • Funding:
       • Osborn (7-22, July-Sept '21 re: his gift to start program; 6/12, 6/14, and 6/17/22; 11-33, 7/1 and 7/17/22, further fund-raising proposals)
       • Regents (12-9, 6/21 and 6/25/23; 18-55, 6/27/24, proposal for Rackham funding for '24-'25 program)
     • Other candidates:
       • M.E. Cooley (10-6, 7/7/22, proposes painter Gerrit Beneker)
       • Beal (13-15, 6/29/23 and 7/28/23, suggests major English writers)
       • Bridges, Robert (held Fellowship, April-June 1924) (13-19)
       • Creative Art Fellowship (14-11, candidates for '24-'25; 18-5, attempts to find appointee for that year)
       • Effinger (14-19, 7/17/23)
       • Burton (17-25 passim, efforts to get '24-'25 candidates, including suitable women)
       • Robbins 19-4, 8/14 and 8/25/24, candidates Percy Hammond and J.L. Williams)
   • Hygiene and Public Health, Department of
     • Sundvall (4-22, Sept.'21)
     • Hubbard (6-26, 10/6/21)
     • Murfin (7-17, 10/17 and 10/24/21)
   • Library Science, Department of
     • Bishop (9-20, 12/30/22)
   • Music School:
     • Effinger (2-4 passim)
     • Gore (10-22, passim)
   • Physical Education, Department of
     • Murfin (3/26, passim)
     • Rowe (4-5)
     • Athletic Association (5-7, passim)
     • Hubbard (6-26, 10/6/21)
     • Whitney (9-4, 11/22/21, Feb.'22)
   • Social Work, Establishment of curriculum in
     • Effinger (2-4, passim)
     • Social workers (4-16)
     • Murfin (3-26, 10/8/20)
   • University Health Service
     • Sundvall (8-20, 10/28 and 12/8/21; 12-24, passim)
     • Forsythe (2-11)
     • Hanchett (6-7, Dec.'21)
4. IV. Miscellaneous
   • Retirement pay:
     • Carnegie Foundation (1-23, passim; 5-26, 5/12/22; 13-26, 11/15/23, 12/7 and 12/17/23 on eligibility rules, 1/17/24 on relation to TIAA plan)
     • Henderson (6-18, 3/18/22, 5/16/22, on ineligibility of administrative officers)
     • S.W. Smith (8-15, 11/3 and 11/10/21)
     • Ward (4-32, 12/21/20, on securing retirement pay for dental faculty)
     • M.E. Cooley (14-9, 12/4/23, eligibility of three Engineering professors)
   • Women's issues
     • Hamilton (10-27, 8/8/22 on standards for women's education, 3/12/23, Barbour Gym and Michigan League; 14-30, 6/20/24, problems posed by lack of university controlled dorms; 18-21, 9/27/24 on lack of women on faculty)
     • Beal (17-19, 10/21/24 on operation of Helen Newberry Residence)
     • Smith (19-9, 8/9, 8/14, and 8/15/24 on George Herbert Palmer gift for a professorship to be held by a woman)
     • Stone (19-11, 8/28/24 on Palmer proposal)
     • Pomeroy (4-1, passim, on physical education planning)
     • Cabot (13-25, 3/18, 4/2 and 5/24/24 re: Barbour Scholarship for Oriental Women)
     • Effinger (14-19, 3/20/24, reply to Cabot)
   • Student Christian Association
     • Coffman (14-4; 17-34, includes annual reports of general secretary of SCA)
     • Hopkins (6-25, on clearing debt of SCA)
   • International Committee (6-29, 1/14 and 2/28/22)

Selective Index to Correspondence

Adams, Henry Carter, 1851-1921.	1921 [1-1]; 1922 [5-1]
American Association for International Cooperation.	1922 [9-9]; 1923 [10-21]
American Birth Control League.	1923 [9-9]
American Council on Education.	1921 [1-3]; 1921-1922 [5-3]; 1922-1923 [9-10]; 1923-1924 [13-8]; 1924-1925 [17-15]
American Social Hygiene Association.	1924-1925 [17-14]
Anti-Saloon League of America.	1922 [12-37]
Babst, Earl D. 1870-1967.	1921 [1-9]; 1922 [8-27]; 1923 [9-14]
Balfour, Arthur James,1848-1930.	1922 [5-10]
Bates, Henry Moore, 1869-1949.	1921 [1-11]; 1921-1922 [5-11]; 1922-1923 [9-17]; 1922 [12-15]; 1923-1924 [13-14]; 1924-1925 [17-18]
Beal, Junius E. (Junius Emery), 1860-1942.	1921 [1-13]; 1921-1922 [5-13]; 1922-1923 [9-19]; 1923-1924 [13-15]; 1924-1925 [17-19]
Bryan, William Jennings, 1860-1925.	1920 [1-16]; 1922 [5-18]; 1923 [9-23]
Chapin, Roy Dikeman, 1880-1936.	1920-1921 [1-25]; 1921-1922 [5-27]
Clancy, Robert Henry, 1882-	1923 [10-1]; 1924 [14-1]; 1924 [17-31]
Clements, William Lawrence, 1861-1934.	1921 [1-27]; 1922 [5-28]; 1922 [5-29]; 1922-1923 [10-2]; 1923-1924 [14-2]; 1924-1925 [17-32]
Cooley, Mortimer Elwyn, 1855-1944.	1921 [1-30]; 1922 [5-33]; 1922-1923 [10-6]; 1923-1924 [14-9]; 1924-1925 [18-3]
Coolidge, Calvin, Pres. U.S., 1872-1933.	1921 [5-30]; 1924 [14-7]
Couzens, James Joseph, 1872-1936.	1921 [4-16]; 1922 [5-30]; 1923 [10-5]; 1923-1924 [14-10]; 1924-1925 [18-2]
Denby, Edwin, 1870-1929.	1921 [2-1]; 1921 [5-37]; 1923 [10-10]; 1924 [14-14]
Douglas, Lloyd Cassel, 1877-1951.	1920 [2-2]
DuBois, William Edward Burghardt, 1868-1963.	1923 [10-13]
Effinger, John Robert, 1869-1933.	1921 [1-17]; 1921 [1-20]; 1921 [2-4]; 1922 [6-3]; 1922-1923 [10-15]; 1922 [12-4]; 1923-1924 [14-19]; 1924-1925 [18-10]; 1923-1924 [17-5]
Ferris, Woodbridge Nathan, 1853-1928.	1924 [14-21]; 1925 [18-12]
Fletcher, Frank Ward, 1853-1922.	1921 [2-10]
Ford, Edsel Bryant, 1893-1943.	1924 [14-22]
Ford, Henry, 1863-1947.	1924 [14-22]; 1924 [18-12]
Frost, Robert Lee, 1874-1963.	1921-1922 [6-10]; 1922-1923 [10-18]; 1923-1924 [14-22]; 1924-1925 [18-13]
Gompers, Samuel, 1850-1924.	1921-1922 [6-11]
Groesbeck, Alexander J., 1873-1953.	1921 [4-31]; 1921 [6-14]; 1922-1923 [10-24]; 1923 [12-4]; 1923-1924 [14-27]; 1924-1925 [18-18]
Harding, Warren Gamaliel, Pres. U.S., 1865-1923.	1922 [6-17]
Hayden, Joseph Ralston, 1887-1945.	1922 [10-25]
Hinsdale, Wilbert Bartlett, 1851-1944.	1921 [2-21]; 1921-1922 [6-21]; 1920-1921 [6-22]
Hoover, Herbert Clark, Pres. U.S., 1874-1964.	1921 [6-23]; 1923 [10-32]
Hughes, Charles Evans, 1862-1948.	1921 [2-26]; 1921 [6-24; 1923 [11-1]; 1924 [15-1]
Hutchins, Harry Burns, 1847-1930.	1921 [2-28]
International Anti-Narcotic League.	1923 [11-3]
International Narcotic Education Association.	1924 [15-3]
Lloyd, Alfred Henry, 1864-1927.	1921 [3-7]; 1921-1922 [7-7]; 1922-1923 [11-21]; 1923-1924 [15-15]; 1924-1925 [18-40]
Lorch, Emil, 1870-1963.	1921 [3-6]; 1921-1922 [7-8]; 1923 [11-19]; 1923 [15-14]
Michener, Earl Cory, 1876-1957.	1924 [15-19]; 1925 [18-43]
Murfin, James Orin, 1875-1940.	1921 [3-26]; 1921 [4-5]; 1921-1922 [7-17]; 1922-1923 [11-29]; 1923-1924 [15-23]; 1924-1925 [18-45]
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.	1922 [7-18]
National Council of Prevention of War.	1922 [11-30]; 1923 [15-24]; 1925 [18-47]
National Movement for Law Enforcement.	1924 [16-13]
Newberry, Truman Handy, 1864-1945.	1922 [11-30]
Non-Partisan Association for the League of Nations.	1922 [9-9]
Osborn, Chase Salmon, 1860-1949.	1920-1921 [3-31]; 1921-1922 [7-22]; 1922-1923 [11-33]; 1923-1924 [15-29]; 1924-1925 [18-48]
Perry, Stuart Hoffman, 1874-1957.	1922-1923 [12-6]
Rackham, Horace H., 1858-1933.	1923 [16-3]
Ruthven, Alexander Grant, 1882-	1921 [4-5]; 1922 [8-6]; 1922-1923 [12-12]; 1923-1924 [16-6]; 1924-1925 [18-53]
Sink, Charles Albert, 1879-	1920-1921 [4-12]; 1921-1922 [8-13]; 1922-1923 [12-18]
Sleeper, Albert E., 1862-1934.	1920 [4-11]
Townsend, Charles E. (Charles Elroy), 1856-1924.	1922 [12-26]
Vandenberg, Arthur Hendrick, 1884-1951.	1922 [8-27]; 1923 [12-31]; 1923-1924 [17-1]
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 1898-	1921 [4-28]
Van Tyne, Claude Halstead, 1869-1930.	1920-1921 [4-29]; 1923 [17-1]
Yost, Fielding Harris, 1871-1946.	1921-1922 [9-8]; 1922-1923 [13-5]; 1923-1924 [17-13]

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Subjects:

Presidents -- United States -- Election -- 1924.
Clothing and dress -- 18980-1929.
Funeral rites and ceremonies.
Students, Foreign -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.
Weddings.

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Names:

Republican Party (Mich.)
University of Michigan -- Administration.
University of Michigan -- Faculty.
University of Michigan. Homoeopathic Medical School.
University of Michigan. President.
University of Michigan -- Students -- Social life and customs -- 1921-1930.
Alumni Memorial Hall (University of Michigan)
Hill Auditorium (University of Michigan)
President's House (University of Michigan)
University of Michigan -- Buildings.
University of Michigan -- Commencements -- 1921-1930.
University of Michigan -- Students.
William L. Clements Library.
American Association for International Cooperation.
American Birth Control League.
American Council on Education.
American Social Hygiene Association.
Anti-Saloon League of America.
International Anti-Narcotic League.
International Narcotic Education Association.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
National Council for Prevention of War (U.S.)
National Movement for Law Enforcement.
Non-Partisan Association for the League of Nations.
Burton family.
Burton, Marion Le Roy, 1874-1925.
Adams, Henry Carter, 1851-1921.
Babst, Earl D., 1870-1967.
Balfour, Arthur James, 1848-1930.
Bates, Henry Moore, 1869-1949.
Beal, Junius E. (Junius Emery), 1860-1942.
Bishop, William Warner, 1871-1955.
Bryan, William Jennings, 1860-1925.
Chapin, Roy D. (Roy Dikeman), 1880-1936.
Clancy, Robert Henry, 1882-1962.
Clements, William L. (William Lawrence), 1861-1934.
Cooley, Mortimer E. (Mortimer Elwyn), 1855-1944.
Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933.
Couzens, James, 1872-1936.
Denby, Edwin, 1870-1929.
Douglas, Lloyd C. (Lloyd Cassel), 1877-1951.
Du Bois, W. E. B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963.
Effinger, John R. (John Robert), 1869-1933.
Ferris, Woodbridge N., 1853-1928.
Fletcher, Frank Ward, 1853-1922.
Ford, Edsel, 1893-1943.
Ford, Henry, 1863-1947.
Frost, Robert, 1874-1963.
Gompers, Samuel, 1850-1924.
Groesbeck, Alexander J. (Alexander Joseph), 1873-1953.
Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923.
Hayden, Joseph Ralston, 1887-1945.
Hinsdale, W. B. (Wilbert B.), 1851-1944.
Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964.
Hughes, Charles Evans, 1862-1948.
Hutchins, Harry B. (Harry Burns), 1847-1930.
Lloyd, Alfred H. (Alfred Henry), 1864-1927.
Lorch, Emil, 1870-1963.
Michener, Earl C. (Earl Cory), 1876-1957.
Murfin, James Orin, 1875-1940.
Newberry, Truman Handy, 1864-1945.
Osborn, Chase S. (Chase Salmon), 1860-
Perry, Stuart Hoffman, 1874-1957.
Rackham, Horace H., 1858-1933.
Ruthven, Alexander Grant, 1882-1971.
Sink, Charles A. (Charles Albert), 1879-1972.
Sleeper, Albert E., 1862-1934.
Townsend, Charles E. (Charles Elroy), 1856-1924.
Vandenberg, Arthur H. (Arthur Hendrick), 1884-1951.
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 1898-1974.
Van Tyne, Claude Halstead, 1869-1930.
Yost, Fielding Harris, 1871-1946.

Places:

United States -- Politics and government -- 1923-1929.
South University Avenue (Ann Arbor, Mich.)