The record group consists primarily of early financial records, dating back to 1850, before the company was founded. Other records document the various property interests of the Arnold Transit Company (ATC), and the estates of the Arnold family. The vessels themselves are represented through various certificates, manifests, and logs. Historical advertisements of Arnold Transit have been preserved, as well as promotions of the straits of Mackinac and surrounding area in general. Architectural plans, documents of area organizations, information on competing lines, and a fair number of photographs round out the collection.
The record group is comprised of seven series: Administration, Union Terminal Piers, Topical Files, Area Organizations, People, Visual Materials, and Vessels.
In the late nineteenth century, George T. Arnold and his partners, Francis B. Stockbridge and O.Q. Johnson founded the Mackinac Lumber Company. The timing was fortuitous: the straits were a place of growth that manifested itself in new business ventures, shops, homes along the bluffs of Mackinac Island and the shores of Lake Michigan and Lake Huron. Arnold knew he would need reliable marine transportation to facilitate this growth, so in 1878 he formed--with L.B. Coats--the Arnold and Coats Ferry Line. This first company struggled through 1909, but saw little profit. After raising more stock to purchase the Iroquois and Chippewa, (adding to the ships the Algomah and the Perry) he started the Arnold Transit Company.
Passenger-line travel hit its peak around 1900, especially with travel to and from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and the popularity of the nearby Les Cheneaux Islands as a resort area. When George Arnold died in 1921, Otto W. Lang arrived from Chicago to audit the company's books, and would prove to be an integral part of the company.
Mrs. Arnold then asked a local attorney, Prentiss M. Brown, Sr. to assist with the handling of the boat company's affairs. When Mrs. Arnold died a few years later, the Arnold heirs were ready to sell their interests in the ferry line. Lang and Brown wanted to keep the entire operation together, and so they bought out the interests in 1935.
Right around this time was a combination of events that led to the downfall of passenger shipping. Strict Congressional regulations on shipping were passed in response to the burning of the Morro Castle on the east coast in which many passengers perished. The use of the automobile and increased highway travel reduced demand on ship travel, and the Great Depression forced many of the larger companies into bankruptcy. During this time, Lang and Brown, started the Union Terminal Piers that owned three-fourths of the Arnold Transit Company.
Despite all of these debilitating factors, the Arnold Transit Company managed to stay financially viable, mainly due to the consistent tourist trade of Mackinac Island. After World War II, the company faced major competition from competing lines. Lang and Brown replaced their labor-intensive steamers with diesel-powered boats, operated by five people. By 1963, Arnold Line had seven of these smaller, and more efficient boats crossing the straits in 30-35 minutes.
With the opening of the Mackinac Bridge connecting the Lower and Upper Peninsulas of Michigan in 1957, more people traveled north to vacation. While some enjoy a leisurely crossing the straits, there was an increasing demand for faster and smoother boats. The Arnold Company responded in 1987 when it introduced the first passenger-carrying catamaran to the Great Lakes.
In 1974, Lang retired and shared his shares to the remaining Brown children. More than eighty years after their initial purchase, Prentiss Brown's sons, daughters and grandchildren still own and operate the company.
